Research Methodology
ZUG BUSINESS publishes operational intelligence about establishing and running a business in Zug, Switzerland. This page describes the primary sources and research methods we use to ensure our content is accurate, verifiable, and grounded in official Swiss authority publications.
Primary Sources
Swiss Commercial Register (Handelsregister)
The Cantonal Commercial Registry of Zug (Handelsregister Kanton Zug) is our primary source for information about registered companies in Zug — their legal structure, registered purpose, authorised signatories, share capital, and registered address. We cross-reference company information against the official cantonal registry at zg.chregister.ch and the national aggregator at www.zefix.ch.
For broader due diligence research and business intelligence on Crypto Valley companies, we use Moneyhouse (moneyhouse.ch), which aggregates commercial register data from all Swiss cantons and provides enriched company profiles. Moneyhouse is our preferred tool for identifying networks of directors, identifying related companies, and confirming public commercial register information.
Swiss Code of Obligations (Obligationenrecht, OR)
The Swiss Code of Obligations (SR 220) is the foundational statutory source for all information about Swiss corporate law, including company formation requirements, director duties, shareholder rights, capital rules, and employment law. We reference the current consolidated text published by the Swiss Federal Chancellery at fedlex.admin.ch.
For DLT-specific provisions — including ledger-based securities (Registerwertrechte) introduced by the DLT Act in force from 1 February 2021 — we reference the relevant amendments to the OR and the Federal Intermediated Securities Act (FISA/BEG).
FINMA Publications
The Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority (FINMA) is our primary source for regulatory information affecting blockchain, crypto asset, and digital finance businesses in Zug. Key FINMA publications we reference include:
- FINMA ICO Guidelines (February 2018) and subsequent updates
- FINMA Guidance on the DLT Act and associated licensing categories
- FINMA Circular letters (Rundschreiben) on AML/KYC, prudential requirements, and operational risk
- FINMA authorisation decisions and enforcement actions (published in anonymised or named form as appropriate)
- FINMA FAQ and SRO guidance on Virtual Asset Service Provider (VASP) obligations under the FATF framework
FINMA publications are available at www.finma.ch.
Cantonal Tax Authority (Steuerverwaltung des Kantons Zug)
For cantonal and municipal tax rate information, tax rulings practice, and Zug’s competitive tax environment, we reference publications of the Steuerverwaltung des Kantons Zug, available at www.zg.ch/behoerden/finanzdirektion/steuerverwaltung. We also reference the Swiss Federal Tax Administration (ESTV/AFC) for federal tax rules and the annual intercantonal tax comparison (Steuerbelastungsvergleich).
State Secretariat for Migration (SEM)
For immigration and work permit information, we reference the State Secretariat for Migration (Staatssekretariat für Migration, SEM) of the Swiss federal administration, and the cantonal migration authority for Zug (Amt für Migration Kanton Zug). SEM circulars, directive letters, and published guidelines on permit categories, quotas, and priority review for specialist occupations are primary references. SEM publications are available at www.sem.admin.ch.
Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce (SOGC)
The Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce (Schweizerisches Handelsamtsblatt, SHAB) at shab.ch is the official publication for commercial register filings, liquidations, and other legally mandated corporate notices in Switzerland. We use SHAB to verify registration dates, structural changes, and other corporate events affecting Zug-registered entities.
Secondary Sources and Cross-Verification
We supplement primary sources with:
- Cantonal government publications (Kanton Zug official website and departmental publications)
- Swiss Bar Association (SAV/FSA) guidance on legal professional requirements
- EXPERTsuisse publications on Swiss GAAP and auditing standards
- Academic literature including University of Zurich and University of St. Gallen law and economics faculties on Swiss corporate law
- CV VC ecosystem reports on Crypto Valley company formation and investment trends
- Swiss Blockchain Federation position papers and regulatory submissions
Where we rely on secondary sources, we identify them explicitly. We do not rely on unverified industry claims about costs, timelines, or regulatory requirements without cross-referencing official sources.
Currency and Update Policy
Swiss law, FINMA regulations, cantonal tax rules, and immigration policy are frequently updated. We review articles after significant legislative or regulatory changes. Articles include the original publication date and any material update dates.
Readers must verify the currency of information before relying on it, particularly for time-sensitive matters such as work permit applications, FINMA licensing timelines, and tax rates.
Editorial Independence
ZUG BUSINESS editorial content is independent of advertisers and sponsors. Service providers mentioned in editorial content are included because they are relevant to the subject matter, not because of any commercial relationship. Where we have advertising relationships with companies mentioned in editorial content, we disclose this in accordance with standard journalistic practice.
For corrections or methodology questions: [email protected]